Results & studies

Science to deepen the decision.

Explore primary studies, quantitative results and contexts that help explain how pollination appears across different crops.

By cropBy metricBy experimental designBy context
Reading the results

Metric, comparator and source in every study.

Yield, fruit weight, fruit set and seed set answer different questions. Metric, comparator and context are what make each result interpretable.

Coffee2025
Core study16% higher yield

16% higher yield in Arabica coffee

The observed average across 23 coffee farms in southeastern Brazil compared areas closer to managed colonies with control areas farther away.

Metric
Production per plant
Source
Scientia Agricola
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Soybean2023/2024
Core study13% higher yield

13% higher yield across three soybean seasons

Research conducted at Embrapa Soybean over three consecutive seasons in Londrina compared 5,565 kg/ha with hives against 4,926 kg/ha without pollinator access.

Metric
Yield in kg/ha
Source
Journal of Apicultural Research
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Sunflower2019
Core studyUp to 40% higher yield

Up to 40% higher yield at field scale

A four-year field study evaluated the contribution of insect pollination to sunflower yield.

Metric
Field-scale yield
Source
Basic and Applied Ecology
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Avocado2023
Core study18% higher fruit weight

18% higher avocado fruit weight

Across 36 farms, 18 received supplementation with two Apis mellifera hives and 18 were used as controls.

Metric
Fruit weight
Source
Arthropod-Plant Interactions
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Canola2026
Core study33% higher yield

33% higher yield in a pollinator-exclusion experiment

The experiment was conducted in the Argentine Pampas and compared an Apis mellifera-only treatment with a pollinator-exclusion treatment.

Metric
Crop yield
Source
Journal of Pollination Ecology
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Carinata2026
Core study26.8% higher seed set

26.8% higher seed set in carinata

In Brassica carinata fields in the United States, the study compared pollinator access with pollinator exclusion.

Metric
Seed set
Source
Journal of Applied Ecology
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Coffee2018
Supporting evidenceYield associated with landscape and management

Landscape and management explain part of coffee yield variation

The study evaluated 34 coffee farms in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, over two years, relating floral visitors, crop management and landscape context to yield.

Metric
Yield and pollination service
Source
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
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Soybean2026
Supporting evidenceFloral biology and seed set

Self-pollinating soybean: how insect visitation entered seed formation

Across 15 plots in a 24-hectare soybean field in central Argentina, the study followed flowers, visitation and seed formation over four weeks.

Metric
Pollen development, pollen tubes and seed set
Source
Scientific Reports
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Sunflower2011
Supporting evidence43% higher seed yield in the studied treatment

Bee visitation and sunflower seed production

This Brazilian experiment evaluated Apis mellifera visitation and seed yield across different sunflower genotypes.

Metric
Seed yield
Source
Scientia Agricola
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Avocado2021
Supporting evidencePollination deficit measured under field conditions

Pollination deficit and fruit set in smallholder avocado orchards

The study evaluated smallholder avocado systems in Kenya, comparing self-pollination, insect pollination, hand pollination and colony-supplementation treatments.

Metric
Fruit set and fruit retention
Source
Basic and Applied Ecology
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Canola2012
Supporting evidenceSeeds, oil and market value

In canola, pollination also appears in quality and market value

Across ten Brassica napus fields, the study compared flowers accessible to insects with flowers protected by mesh and evaluated production, quality and market value.

Metric
Seed weight, oil, chlorophyll and market value
Source
Oecologia
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Next step

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